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Biology Asked by a SnapAndSolve user · about 2 hours ago

a) Define General Physiology and state reasons why the study of physiology is important. b) Differentiate...

1. a) Define General Physiology and state reasons why the study of physiology is important.
b) Differentiate between comparative physiology and cellular physiology.
2. a) Explain why water is described as the "universal biological solvent."
b) Contrast osmoregulators with osmoconformers using one example of each.
3. a) List the four main types of growth and development that occur during adolescence according to Erikson's theory.
b) Briefly describe the physical development changes that take place in this stage.
4. a) Identify the five major classes of plant hormones and give the functions of any two class.
b) List two ways plant hormones are transported within a plant.
5. a) Differentiate between tropism and taxis.
b) Name the stimulus, types and examples of the two above.
6. a) Compare transpiration and evaporation in plants (list two similarities and two differences).
b) State the environmental factors that influence transpiration rate.

Answer

  1. General Physiology is the study of the functions and mechanisms in a living system. It is important because it helps us understand how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions that exist in a living system.

  2. Comparative Physiology studies the differences and similarities in the functions of different organisms, while Cellular Physiology focuses on the functions of cells.

  3. Water is described as the "universal biological solvent" because it can dissolve more substances than any other liquid, which is crucial for biological processes.

  4. Osmoregulators actively control salt concentrations despite the salt concentrations in the environment, e.g., freshwater fish. Osmoconformers match their body osmolarity to their environment, e.g., marine invertebrates.

  5. The four main types of growth and development during adolescence according to Erikson's theory are identity, role confusion, intimacy, and isolation.

  6. Physical development changes during adolescence include growth spurts, development of secondary sexual characteristics, and changes in body composition.

  7. The five major classes of plant hormones are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Auxins promote stem elongation, while Gibberellins stimulate seed germination.

  8. Plant hormones are transported through the plant via the vascular system and cell-to-cell diffusion.

  9. Tropism is a growth movement in response to an environmental stimulus, while Taxis is a movement towards or away from a stimulus.

  10. Tropism is stimulated by light, gravity, or touch, with examples like phototropism. Taxis is stimulated by chemicals or light, with examples like chemotaxis.

  11. Similarities between transpiration and evaporation include both being processes of water loss and both occurring at the surface. Differences include transpiration being a biological process involving stomata, while evaporation is a physical process. Transpiration is influenced by plant factors, while evaporation is not.

  12. Environmental factors influencing transpiration rate include temperature, humidity, wind, and light intensity.

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