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Sedimentation is an important factor in lung deposition that RT's can influence. A. How long is an ideal...

16. Sedimentation is an important factor in lung deposition that RT's can influence.
A. How long is an ideal breath hold maneuver?
B. How much will you increase drug deposition?
C. What about drug distribution?
17. It is extremely difficult to predict exactly what happens to particles once they enter the lung. What is the variability? How do we know how well we are delivering a medication?
18. Nebulizers can be a source for nosocomial infections. Describe three of the CDC's recommendations for preventing this problem.
19. List five aerosolized substances associated with increased airway resistance.
20. What can you do to help prevent bronchospasm from occurring when you nebulize reactive substances?
21. Aerosolizing drugs has the potential for inducing bronchospasm. Describe four ways you can monitor this potential problem.
22. Eye irritation is most likely to occur under what circumstances?

Answer

  1. How long is an ideal breath hold maneuver? An ideal breath hold maneuver is approximately 10 seconds.

  2. How much will you increase drug deposition? Drug deposition can be increased by approximately 10% with an ideal breath hold.

  3. What about drug distribution? Drug distribution is improved with a breath hold, allowing for more uniform distribution throughout the lungs.

  4. It is extremely difficult to predict exactly what happens to particles once they enter the lung. What is the variability? How do we know how well we are delivering a medication? The variability in particle deposition is due to factors such as particle size, breathing pattern, and airway anatomy. We assess medication delivery effectiveness through clinical outcomes and patient feedback.

  5. Nebulizers can be a source for nosocomial infections. Describe three of the CDC's recommendations for preventing this problem.

    1. Use only sterile fluids like sterile water or saline for nebulization.
    2. Change nebulizer components regularly to prevent contamination.
    3. Ensure proper cleaning and maintenance of nebulizer equipment.

  6. List five aerosolized substances associated with increased airway resistance.

    1. Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
    2. Antibiotics like Tobramycin
    3. Hypertonic saline
    4. Mannitol
    5. Bronchodilators (in some cases paradoxically)

  7. What can you do to help prevent bronchospasm from occurring when you nebulize reactive substances? Pre-treat the patient with a bronchodilator like albuterol.

  8. Aerosolizing drugs has the potential for inducing bronchospasm. Describe four ways you can monitor this potential problem.

    1. Auscultation (listening to breath sounds for wheezing).
    2. Perform measurements before and after treatments.
    3. Observe the patient's breathing pattern and any signs of difficulty breathing.
    4. Communicate with the patient, looking for any feelings of chest tightness or shortness of breath.

  9. Eye irritation is most likely to occur under what circumstances? Eye irritation is most likely to occur when using a face mask that fits poorly or when administering anticholinergic drugs like ipratropium.

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