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VI. Napoleon’s Downfall Directions: After rising to become Emperor of France in 1804, Napoleon would see...

VI. Napoleon’s Downfall
Directions: After rising to become Emperor of France in 1804, Napoleon would see his downfall over the next 10 years. Explain how each event below helped lead to his downfall.
Event
How did it help lead to Napoleon’s downfall?
The Continental System
The Peninsular War
The Invasion of Russia
The Battle of Waterloo

Answer

The Continental System: Napoleon blockaded European ports from trading with Britain to cripple its economy. However, it failed because Britain responded with its own blockades, and smuggling became rampant; this caused severe shortages and deep economic distress across Europe, turning allies against Napoleon.

The Peninsular War: Napoleon sent troops through Spain to attack Portugal, sparking fierce guerrilla warfare by Spanish nationalists backed by Britain. This prolonged conflict drained French resources, tied down hundreds of thousands of soldiers, and proved that Napoleon’s army was not invincible.

The Invasion of Russia: Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812, but the Russians used a scorched-earth policy and retreated deeper into winter, lack of supplies, and starvation destroyed the vast majority of the Grand Army, severely weakening French military power.

The Battle of Waterloo: After returning from exile, Napoleon was decisively defeated in 1815 by a coalition of British and Prussian forces led by the Duke of Wellington. This final defeat ended his brief return to power (the Hundred Days) and resulted in his permanent exile.

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