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7b Enlightenment Philosophers Directions: Research the following Enlightenment Philosophers and complete...

3.1.7b Enlightenment Philosophers
Directions: Research the following Enlightenment Philosophers and complete the chart / questions below.
Thinker
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Baron de Montesquieu
Voltaire
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Mary Wollstonecraft
Denis Diderot
Adam Smith
How are these ideas still relevant today? Choose at least 3 philosophers.

Answer

Thomas Hobbes:

  1. Idea with an explanation: Hobbes believed in a strong central authority to avoid chaos and war, as outlined in his work 'Leviathan'.
  2. Biggest Contribution: Social contract theory, which suggests that people give up some freedoms to a ruler in exchange for order and protection.

John Locke:

  1. Idea with an explanation: Locke argued for natural rights, including life, liberty, and property, which governments should protect.
  2. Biggest Contribution: His ideas on natural rights influenced modern democracy and the development of liberal political philosophy.

Baron de Montesquieu:

  1. Idea with an explanation: Montesquieu advocated for the separation of powers within government to prevent tyranny.
  2. Biggest Contribution: His ideas influenced the structure of many modern governments, including the United States Constitution.

Voltaire:

  1. Idea with an explanation: Voltaire championed freedom of speech and religion, criticizing intolerance and dogma.
  2. Biggest Contribution: His advocacy for civil liberties influenced the Enlightenment and modern human rights.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau:

  1. Idea with an explanation: Rousseau believed in the concept of the general will and that society should be governed by the collective will of its citizens.
  2. Biggest Contribution: His ideas on democracy and social contract influenced political thought and revolutions.

Mary Wollstonecraft:

  1. Idea with an explanation: Wollstonecraft advocated for women's rights and equality in education.
  2. Biggest Contribution: Her work 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman' laid the groundwork for modern feminism.

Denis Diderot:

  1. Idea with an explanation: Diderot emphasized the importance of knowledge and education, editing the 'Encyclopédie'.
  2. Biggest Contribution: His work helped spread Enlightenment ideas and promote intellectual exchange.

Adam Smith:

  1. Idea with an explanation: Smith is known for his ideas on free market economics and the 'invisible hand' guiding supply and demand.
  2. Biggest Contribution: His book 'The Wealth of Nations' is foundational in classical economics.

How are these ideas still relevant today?

  1. Locke's ideas on natural rights continue to underpin modern democratic systems and human rights laws.
  2. Montesquieu's separation of powers is a fundamental principle in many modern governments to ensure checks and balances.
  3. Wollstonecraft's advocacy for gender equality remains a central issue in contemporary feminist movements.

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