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Define Educational Research a). List five [5] characteristics of Educational Research b). Explain five [5]...

1. Define Educational Research
a). List five [5] characteristics of Educational Research
b). Explain five [5] importance of Educational Research
2. a) Every research study is expected to have a design, what is a research design?
b) Identify four [4] types of research designs
c) Explain three [3] types of research designs in your field with relevant examples
3. Define the following terms
a) i. probability sampling technique
ii. non-probability sampling technique
b) i. Explain 3 types of probability sampling technique
ii. Explain 3 types of non-probability sampling technique
4. Explain the following concept of research
i. Quantitative research
ii. Qualitative research
iii. Mixed-method research
iv. Basic/fundamental research
v. Applied research
vi. Action research

Answer

  1. Educational Research is a systematic process of analyzing and understanding educational phenomena, practices, and policies to improve educational outcomes.

    1. Five characteristics of Educational Research:

      • Systematic and structured approach
      • Objective and unbiased
      • Empirical and evidence-based
      • Replicable and transparent
      • Focused on solving educational problems

    2. Five importance of Educational Research:

      • Improves educational practices and policies
      • Informs curriculum development
      • Enhances teaching and learning processes
      • Supports evidence-based decision making
      • Contributes to educational theory and knowledge

    1. A research design is a framework or blueprint for conducting a research study, outlining the procedures for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data.

    2. Four types of research designs:

      • Descriptive research design
      • Experimental research design
      • Correlational research design
      • Quasi-experimental research design

    3. Three types of research designs in your field with relevant examples:

      • Descriptive research design: Used to describe characteristics of a population, e.g., a survey on student satisfaction.
      • Experimental research design: Used to determine cause-and-effect relationships, e.g., testing a new teaching method.
      • Correlational research design: Used to identify relationships between variables, e.g., studying the relationship between study habits and academic performance.

    1. Probability sampling technique involves selecting samples from a population where each member has a known, non-zero chance of being selected.

    2. Non-probability sampling technique involves selecting samples based on subjective judgment rather than random selection.

      1. Three types of probability sampling technique:

        • Simple random sampling
        • Stratified sampling
        • Cluster sampling

      2. Three types of non-probability sampling technique:

        • Convenience sampling
        • Judgmental sampling
        • Snowball sampling

    1. Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to identify patterns, relationships, or trends.

    2. Qualitative research involves exploring phenomena through non-numerical data like interviews, observations, and texts.

    3. Mixed-method research combines both quantitative and qualitative research methods to provide a comprehensive analysis.

    4. Basic/fundamental research aims to expand knowledge and understanding without immediate practical application.

    5. Applied research focuses on solving practical problems and improving processes or products.

    6. Action research involves a cyclical process of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting to solve problems and improve practices.

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