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Chemistry Asked by a SnapAndSolve user · 15 minutes ago

Using your own words, describe the process of synaptic transmission. *Provide at least three steps needed...

14. Using your own words, describe the process of synaptic transmission.
*Provide at least three steps needed to move NT from the synaptic vesicles to the neighboring neuron.
(Number your steps.)
15. Define neurotransmitter (NT) and list the three ways in which NTs are removed from the synapse.
16. Describe how drugs can affect synaptic communication. Be sure to bring in the terms: agonist and antagonist.
17. Describe the role that myelin plays in neuronal communication.

Answer

  1. Synaptic Transmission Process:

    1. An action potential arrives at the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron.
    2. The depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open, allowing calcium ions to enter the neuron.
    3. The influx of calcium ions triggers synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane, releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

  2. Neurotransmitter (NT) Definition and Removal: A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that transmits signals across a chemical synapse from one neuron to another target neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell. NTs are removed from the synapse by:

    1. Reuptake into the presynaptic neuron.
    2. Enzymatic degradation.
    3. Diffusion away from the synaptic cleft.

  3. Effects of Drugs on Synaptic Communication: Drugs can affect synaptic communication by acting as agonists or antagonists. Agonists enhance the action of neurotransmitters by mimicking their effects or increasing their release. Antagonists inhibit neurotransmitter action by blocking receptors or decreasing neurotransmitter release.

  4. Role of Myelin in Neuronal Communication: Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds the axons of neurons, providing insulation. It increases the speed of electrical impulses along the axon by allowing the impulse to jump between the gaps in the myelin sheath, known as nodes of Ranvier, in a process called saltatory conduction.

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