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Describe the role that myelin plays in neuronal communication. 18. List/describe three functions of the...

17. Describe the role that myelin plays in neuronal communication.
18. List/describe three functions of the brainstem. (Number each function.)
19. Describe the function of the cerebellum.
20. Describe the difference between a hormone and a neurotransmitter.
21. Describe the role of the four structures of the diencephalon
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pituitary Gland
D. Pineal Gland
22. Describe the functions of the two listed limbic regions.
A. Hippocampus
B. Amygdala

Answer

  1. Myelin acts as an insulating layer around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. It allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.

  2. Functions of the Brainstem:

    1. Regulates vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing.
    2. Controls reflexes such as coughing and swallowing.
    3. Acts as a conduit for signals between the brain and the spinal cord.

  3. Cerebellum Function: The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture.

  4. Difference between a Hormone and a Neurotransmitter: Hormones are chemical messengers released into the bloodstream to regulate distant organs, while neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

  5. Roles of the Diencephalon Structures:

    1. Thalamus: Acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.
    2. Hypothalamus: Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms.
    3. Pituitary Gland: Produces hormones that regulate various bodily functions and other endocrine glands.
    4. Pineal Gland: Produces melatonin, which regulates sleep patterns.

  6. Functions of Limbic Regions:

    1. Hippocampus: Essential for the formation of new memories and is also associated with learning and emotions.
    2. Amygdala: Involved in emotion processing, particularly fear and pleasure responses.

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