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List the temperatures and summarize what occurs at this temperature in the table below. 15. In which cycle...

14. List the temperatures and summarize what occurs at this temperature in the table below.
15. In which cycle number do the desired product segments of DNA appear?
16. How many copies of the target sequence are made at the end of the thirtieth cycle?
17. What would happen if there were no target sequences in a sample?
18. After the virtual lab, scroll down (about halfway down) to see the reaction components and equipment needed for PCR. Click on the various components and summarize their roles in PCR.
19. At the bottom of this webpage there are nine cards depicting how PCR technology is used. Choose any two cards and summarize how PCR technology is used in these situations.
19.1 Choice 1 -
Summary:

Answer

  1. Temperature Table:
    Denaturation (94-98°C): DNA strands separate.
    Annealing (50-65°C): Primers bind to target sequences.
    Extension (72°C): DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands.

  2. The desired product segments of DNA typically appear in cycle 3.

  3. At the end of the thirtieth cycle, approximately 1,073,741,824 copies of the target sequence are made.

  4. If there were no target sequences in a sample, no amplification would occur, resulting in no PCR product.

  5. Role in PCR:
    Primers: Short DNA sequences that initiate DNA synthesis.
    DNA Polymerase: Enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands.
    Nucleotides: Building blocks for new DNA strands.
    Salt, Water, and Buffers: Maintain optimal conditions for the reaction.
    Ice Bucket: Keeps reagents cold before the reaction.
    Microcentrifuge Tubes and Tips: Contain and transfer small volumes of liquid.
    PCR Machine: Cycles through temperatures to facilitate the reaction.

  6. Choice 1:
    Summary: PCR is used in forensic science to amplify DNA from crime scenes for identification purposes.

    Choice 2:
    Summary: PCR is used in medical diagnostics to detect the presence of pathogens in patient samples.

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