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World History Chinese History (Song Dynasty, Korea, Vietnam, Japan) Use the Internet to define the...

World History
Chinese History (Song Dynasty, Korea, Vietnam, Japan)
Use the Internet to define the following terms.
1. Dialect:
2. Demographic:
3. Infrastructure:
4. Commercial Revolution China:
5. Neo-Confucianism:
6. Shinto:
7. Zen-Buddhism:
8. Bureaucracy:

Answer

  1. Dialect: A regional or social variety of a language with distinctive pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammar.

  2. Demographic: Relating to the characteristics of a population, such as its size, age distribution, birth rate, or geographic distribution.

  3. Infrastructure: The basic facilities and systems that support a society, such as roads, bridges, canals, water systems, and communications networks.

  4. Commercial Revolution in China: The major expansion of trade, markets, and production, especially during the Song dynasty (960–1279). It involved growing cities, increased agricultural and manufactured output, expanding maritime trade, and the use of paper money.

  5. Neo-Confucianism: A revival and reinterpretation of Confucian thought that became influential during the Song dynasty. It incorporated ideas influenced by Buddhism and Daoism while emphasizing moral self-cultivation, education, and social responsibility.

  6. Shinto: Japan’s indigenous religious tradition, centered on honoring kami—sacred spirits or powers associated with nature, places, and ancestors—through rituals and shrine worship.

  7. Zen Buddhism: A Buddhist tradition that emphasizes meditation, disciplined practice, and direct insight into one’s true nature as paths to enlightenment. It developed from Chinese Chan Buddhism and became influential in Japan.

  8. Bureaucracy: A system of administration in which appointed officials carry out laws and policies through organized departments and established procedures. In imperial China, many officials were selected through civil service examinations.

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